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FRANCE SO TRASH FOR WHAT THEY DID TO HAITI EDIT: they also sore losers
- Thread in 'General' Thread starter Started by nawghtyhare,
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The Haiti indemnity controversy culminated in an agreement by Haiti to a 1825 gold demand by France for a FR F 150 million indemnity (later reduced to FR F 60 million in 1838, comparable to US$40 billion as of 2010 with consideration to inflation) to be paid by the Republic of Haiti in claims over property lost through the Haitian Revolution in return for diplomatic recognition.[1] The gold demand was delivered to the country by 12 French warships armed with 528 cannons. Diplomatic recognition by France of Haiti came in 1825, twenty-one years after Haiti's declaration of independence in 1804.[2][1] The payment of an indemnity to the former French plantation owners was originally suggested by Haitian president Pétion in 1814 as a way to deter a possible French attack on his country.
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Haiti’s legacy of debt began shortly after gaining independence from France in 1804. In 1825, France, with warships at the ready, demanded Haiti compensate France for its loss of slaves and its slave colony. In exchange for French recognition of Haiti as a sovereign republic, France demanded payment of 150 million francs. In addition to the payment, France required that Haiti discount its exported goods to them by 50%.[3] In 1838, France agreed to reduce the debt to 90 million francs to be paid over a period of 30 years to compensate former plantation owners who had lost their property.[4] The modern equivalent of $21 billion was paid from Haiti to France.[5]
The transfer of wealth from Haiti to the French government and from Haiti to the various banks that financed the Independence Debt is well established. Detailed claims, submitted by former slave owners for compensation, including the monetary value of the "lost" slaves, and which formed the basis for the French government's demands have been documented.
Likewise, the terms of the 1825 Ordinance and accounts of its negotiation have survived.
The French government finally acknowledged the payment of 90,000,000F in 1893. It took until 1947 for Haiti to finally pay off all the associated interest of the debt.[6] The story of the first payment – 24,000,000 gold francs – being transported across Paris, from the vaults of Ternaux Gandolphe et Cie to the coffers of the French Treasury was recorded in detail. Historians have traced loan documents from the time of the 1825 Ordinance, through the various refinancing efforts, to the final remittance to National City Bank in 1947.[4]
The transfer of wealth from Haiti to the French government and from Haiti to the various banks that financed the Independence Debt is well established. Detailed claims, submitted by former slave owners for compensation, including the monetary value of the "lost" slaves, and which formed the basis for the French government's demands have been documented.
Likewise, the terms of the 1825 Ordinance and accounts of its negotiation have survived.
The French government finally acknowledged the payment of 90,000,000F in 1893. It took until 1947 for Haiti to finally pay off all the associated interest of the debt.[6] The story of the first payment – 24,000,000 gold francs – being transported across Paris, from the vaults of Ternaux Gandolphe et Cie to the coffers of the French Treasury was recorded in detail. Historians have traced loan documents from the time of the 1825 Ordinance, through the various refinancing efforts, to the final remittance to National City Bank in 1947.[4]
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In 2003, President of Haiti Jean-Bertrand Aristide demanded that France pay Haiti over 21 billion U.S. dollars, what he said was the equivalent in today's money of the 90 million gold francs Haiti was forced to pay Paris after winning its freedom from France.[7][8] "Some analysts believe that France's refusal to support the deployment of an international peacekeeping force to Haiti until after the president's departure was linked to Aristide's demand for reparations, which were unpopular in Paris."[citation needed]
The United Nations Security Council, of which France is a permanent member, rejected a February 26, 2004, appeal from the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) for international peacekeeping forces to be sent into its member state Haiti, but voted unanimously to send in troops three days later, just hours after Aristide's controversial resignation.
"I believe that (the call for reparations) could have something to do with it, because they (France) were definitely not happy about it, and made some very hostile comments," Myrtha Desulme, chairperson of the Haiti-Jamaica Exchange Committee, told IPS. "(But) I believe that he did have grounds for that demand, because that is what started the downfall of Haiti," she says." [7][8][9]
The cost to Haiti was arguably much higher than the original sum, because Haiti had to raise the money via loans that carried interest. Conversely, had the sum been invested, it would have yielded 69 trillion dollars by 2014 at a nominal rate of 4% after inflation, or 90 thousand trillion at an 8% annual return commonly assumed for equities.
Following the 2004 Haitian coup d'état, provisional prime minister Gerard Latortuerescinded the reparations demand, calling it "foolish" and "illegal".
The United Nations Security Council, of which France is a permanent member, rejected a February 26, 2004, appeal from the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) for international peacekeeping forces to be sent into its member state Haiti, but voted unanimously to send in troops three days later, just hours after Aristide's controversial resignation.
"I believe that (the call for reparations) could have something to do with it, because they (France) were definitely not happy about it, and made some very hostile comments," Myrtha Desulme, chairperson of the Haiti-Jamaica Exchange Committee, told IPS. "(But) I believe that he did have grounds for that demand, because that is what started the downfall of Haiti," she says." [7][8][9]
The cost to Haiti was arguably much higher than the original sum, because Haiti had to raise the money via loans that carried interest. Conversely, had the sum been invested, it would have yielded 69 trillion dollars by 2014 at a nominal rate of 4% after inflation, or 90 thousand trillion at an 8% annual return commonly assumed for equities.
Following the 2004 Haitian coup d'état, provisional prime minister Gerard Latortuerescinded the reparations demand, calling it "foolish" and "illegal".
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And Citibank
Also had a hand it that **** too
I’m letting my Citibank cc expire
And never gonna use em again
Also had a hand it that **** too
I’m letting my Citibank cc expire
And never gonna use em again
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Me and all my woes stick together like the Zoes
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The people that are anti reparations get reparations from us all the time.
Crazy world.
Crazy world.
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exactly. Despicable. France extorted that country
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Some lames extorted that country
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Lots of African countries still paying "colonial tax" to France.
Their economy depends on this protection racket.
White folks will never pay blacks reparations peacefully because it would be the end of their way of life.
Their economy depends on this protection racket.
White folks will never pay blacks reparations peacefully because it would be the end of their way of life.
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It’s ok China is the next monster debt holder
Historical Context
The present-day issue with deforestation in Haiti started during the colonial times. During the 1700’s, European explores were thrilled to find this piece of untouched land that was rich of resources. The Spanish first colonized Haiti and used the trees to export wood. However, after the French took over, the land was destroyed. The French decided to cut down the forest land to create a sugar cane plantation. Instead of utilizing the forest land as a beneficial resource, the French were interested in wiping out the trees to grow their own crops. Unfortunately, even after Haiti became an independent country, many foreign lumber companies came and exported the few trees that were left. This act of destroying forest land and cutting down trees is not uncommon. According to Dove, “forest people are impoverished by the degradation of their forests and other resources by external forces” (Dove, 1993). Deforestation in Haiti is caused by multiple factors. Thus, it is difficult to analyze Haiti’s deforestation problems without examining the historical context behind the country.
The present-day issue with deforestation in Haiti started during the colonial times. During the 1700’s, European explores were thrilled to find this piece of untouched land that was rich of resources. The Spanish first colonized Haiti and used the trees to export wood. However, after the French took over, the land was destroyed. The French decided to cut down the forest land to create a sugar cane plantation. Instead of utilizing the forest land as a beneficial resource, the French were interested in wiping out the trees to grow their own crops. Unfortunately, even after Haiti became an independent country, many foreign lumber companies came and exported the few trees that were left. This act of destroying forest land and cutting down trees is not uncommon. According to Dove, “forest people are impoverished by the degradation of their forests and other resources by external forces” (Dove, 1993). Deforestation in Haiti is caused by multiple factors. Thus, it is difficult to analyze Haiti’s deforestation problems without examining the historical context behind the country.
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Leopold killed up to 10 millions Africans.
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niceshoes247
why are Black people so angry? Why are these Black people poisoning nt with all of this? Why do they feel the need to mess with your comfort, acting like caricatures, playing the victim?
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Supreme Court Rules That About Half Of Oklahoma Is Native American Land
"Today we are asked whether the land these treaties promised remains an Indian reservation. ... Because Congress has not said otherwise, we hold the government to its word," wrote Justice Gorsuch.
www.npr.org
The Supreme Court ruled Thursday that about half of the land in Oklahoma is within a Native American reservation, a decision that will have major consequences for both past and future criminal and civil cases.
The court's decision hinged on the question of whether the Creek reservation continued to exist after Oklahoma became a state.
"Today we are asked whether the land these treaties promised remains an Indian reservation for purposes of federal criminal law. Because Congress has not said otherwise, we hold the government to its word," Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote in the majority opinion.
The decision was 5-4, with Justices Gorsuch, Sonia Sotomayor, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Elena Kagan and Stephen Breyer in the majority, while Justices John Roberts, Brett Kavanaugh, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas dissented.
The ruling will have significant legal implications for eastern Oklahoma. Much of Tulsa, the state's second-largest city, is located on Muscogee (Creek) land. The Muscogee (Creek) Nation cheered the court's decision.
"The Supreme Court today kept the United States' sacred promise to the Muscogee (Creek) Nation of a protected reservation," the tribe said in a statement. "Today's decision will allow the Nation to honor our ancestors by maintaining our established sovereignty and territorial boundaries."
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