Is Kristaps Porzingis more Dirk Nowitzki or Darko Milicic?
As he tries to solidify his position in Thursday's NBA draft, Latvian forward Kristaps Porzingis isn't just battling the other prospects expected to go in the top five. He's also battling the ghosts of past European draft picks whose legacies can be used to cast Porzingis' future in either a positive or negative light, depending on your point of view.
To Porzingis believers, like Insider draft analyst Chad Ford, his game is similar to European stars Pau Gasol and Dirk Nowitzki. To doubters, Porzingis is in the line of the failed lottery picks who followed Gasol and Nowitzki stateside, like overhyped Darko Milicic and recent washout Jan Vesely.
Which path will Porzingis take? A deeper look at the history of international prospects can't provide the answer, but can offer some necessary context.
A Brief History of International Prospects
A quick analysis of drafts from 1995 to 2011 -- ruling out classes that have not yet played four years in the league -- shows that international picks have actually performed slightly better than NCAA prospects. Accounting for where they were drafted and the overall quality of that year's draft pool, players drafted from overseas have performed 0.13 wins above replacement player (WARP) per season worse than expected, by my metric. College players have been 0.18 WARP worse than expected per season. Both of these numbers are negative because the other group, players drafted directly out of high school, dramatically outperformed expectations by 1.2 WARP per season.
Looking at the past two decades as a whole, however, hides a lot of variation. Let's say we were considering international prospects before the 2003 draft; 22 players were drafted from abroad to come immediately to the league from 1995-2003 -- about when the league shifted from drafting veteran international stars to younger prospects. Again, based on where they were drafted and the draft pool, we'd have expected those players to produce about 33 WARP per season. Instead, they totaled 60 per season, nearly doubling expectations. In addition to Gasol and Nowitzki, international players like Tony Parker (taken 28th in 2001) and Zydrunas Ilgauskas (20th in 1996) have proved to be great values.
The NBA took notice. In fact, it appears in hindsight that the league over-corrected. Check out the number of international players who did not play NCAA basketball drafted each year over the last two decades.
In 2003, nearly a third of the players drafted were international prospects -- 19 in all, still a record total. That included seven first-round picks, 10 of the first 35 selections, and the No. 2 overall pick, Milicic. Of them, 10 arrived in the league immediately. Based on where they were selected in an otherwise strong draft that included future stars LeBron James, Carmelo Anthony and Dwyane Wade, those international players could have been expected to provide 22 WARP per season. Instead, they totaled just seven per season, with Milicic disappointing, while players like Zarko Cabarkapa and Zoran Planinic were out of the league before their rookie contracts were complete.
Since then, the track record for players drafted from abroad has been mixed, though overall somewhat negative. Again, not counting stash prospects, who may never come to the league, the 37 international players drafted from 2004 to 2011 averaged 0.6 fewer WARP per season than expected. Of the lottery picks in this group, only American Brandon Jennings (who played in Italy rather than attend college) outperformed expectations, with Vesely, 2006 No. 1 pick Andrea Bargnani and Yi Jianlian all falling far short.
On the plus side, teams have performed better outside the lottery, landing Nicolas Batum and Goran Dragic in the late first round and second, respectively. And more recently, Giannis Antetokounmpo and Rudy Gobert look like the two best players so far from the 2013 draft.
Were International Busts Predictable?
Here's the good news for Porzingis. At least by my projections, he looks like a better prospect than the international players who failed before him. I've projected most draft picks since 2006 who played in Europe. Here's how the youngest players in this group compare in terms of projected rookie winning percentage (the per-minute version of WARP, akin to PER) based on translated European stats and age as of the draft.
Generally speaking, NBA potential is a function of age (younger being better) and current ability level. So the ideal draft pick would be in the upper left of this chart. Ricky Rubio of the Minnesota Timberwolves, the youngest of these prospects when drafted and also among the most effective, had the best WARP projection of the group.
Vesely and Bismack Biyombo, drafted a pick later in 2011, projected as two of the weaker players in this group at the time they came to the NBA. While that was hardly a guarantee of failure -- particularly for Biyombo, based on his listed age -- it makes them very different prospects than Porzingis, who has been effective in a high-level European league before age 20.
The group of players who have been as good as Porzingis at a similar age is small: Bargnani, Rubio, Danilo Gallinari, Nikola Mirotic, Lucas Nogueira and 2014 draft picks Clint Capela, Nikola Jokic and Jusuf Nurkic. While Bargnani didn't live up to expectations, he has been a starter throughout his career. Same for Gallinari and Rubio, and Mirotic was one of the league's top reserves as a rookie. The others haven't played enough to determine their future either way, though Capela and Nurkic are off to good starts.
The American Porzingis
Once upon a time, UCLA forward Jason Kapono joked during the draft process that he'd have been a first-round pick if he had headed to Europe and changed his name to "Vladimir Kaponovich." Naturally, Kapono said that in 2003, at the height of the NBA's international mania. Now, the effect might run the opposite direction, at least for top picks. So let's pretend that instead of signing with Sevilla last summer, Porzingis had shortened his name to Kris and turned up at Duke as an incoming freshman. Based on the translations of ACB and NCAA stats to their NBA equivalents, I estimate Porzingis would have averaged 16.5 points, 8.1 rebounds and 1.9 blocks in Jahlil Okafor's 30 minutes per game -- similar to Okafor's actual averages of 17.3 points, 8.5 rebounds and an identical 1.9 blocks per game.
If Porzingis had starred on national TV throughout the NCAA tournament, it's hard to imagine he'd be facing the same kind of scrutiny leading up to the draft. Porzingis can score on his opponents, but the ghosts of past European prospects are harder to beat.